There is a series of articles in Wikipedia in which science is broken into five categories as follows:

• Superstition
• Pseudoscience (looks like science but isn’t)
• Fringe Science (treated with scientific method)
• Protoscience
• (Mainstream) Science (Systematized as as scientific definition)

An early chapter of Dr. Dawkins book goes into considerable detail on the science of evolution. This is not at ll surprising as Dawkins describes himself as an “evolutionary biologist”. He talks about evolution as if it were mainstream science. As such,  it is incomplete in that it fails to include the spiritual evolution that accompanies biological evolution. It should be pointed out, especially to youthful readers, that the Darwinian model of evolution is still regarded by many as fringe science. Texts on science do well in explaining how thins work in in the world but fail to include guidance on how we should react to them as spiritual beings. Authors such as Deepak Chopra and Casroline Myss attempt to do this, although at best their work can only qualify as fringe science. I suspect that Dr. Dawkins would classify spiritual matters as myrh and superstition, but in fact they are real and cannot be simply ignored.

In following chapters the book discusses less controversial topics such as the nature of space and time, cosmology and the methods of their measurement. In this respect the book is very similar to the book by Stephen Hawkings entitled The Grand Design. Unlike Dr. Dawkins, Dr, Hawkings only talks about mainstream science topics and wisely avoids controversial ones. This volume is also available in PDF format. It may well be a preferable reading choice to science minded individuals not wishing to get into the arguments between scientists and spiritualists.

The final chapter of the book discusses (and dismisses) “Miracles”. Once again the reader is presented with an unbalanced viewpoint. Dawkins specifically cites the Bible story of “the Jewish preacher called Jesus”  turning water into wine as a myth not to be accepted as truth. There is no recognition that Bible stories can be accepted metaphorically if not literally, again ignoring the spiritual aspect of human beings.

In summary the book does accomplish its goal of showing how scientific truths have replaced superstition and myths over time as our level of technology has advanced. It fails to point out that science itself is evolving. Our “scientific” concept of what reality it is today is quite different from what it was a century ago and a century from now it will most certainly be different from what it is today. Perhaps some of the “fringe” spiritual science will enter the mainstream. Stephen Hawkings tells us that there is no complete scientific “theory of everything”  and even some modern theories are in conflict with one another.That said, The Magic of Reality can only be regarded as an incomplete and unbalanced effort.

Continuing down the center aisle of the store, I next passed attractive displays of toys, games and puzzles. I thought about the town I lived in a year ago. It had two bookstores, a Barnes and Noble on the north side and a Books-A-Million of the south side. Like its competitor, the Barnes and Noble also featured a coffee shop and sold many items other than books and magazines. In early 2010, Barnes and Noble closed that store. While there are many reasons for closing a retail store, it is most likely that the store was not profitable. The digital revolution is quickly overtaking the publishing industry. The costs of paper, ink. printing presses, distribution, the physical store and all the associated labor are driving the price of printed material beyond what the consumers are willing to pay. The booksellers are not providing coffee and toys as a matter of convenience. They are necessary to keep the stores in business.

My final stop in the store was at the magazine section in the rear. There I found a few new magazines describing apps for portable devices. I was tempted to buy one until I noticed the $18 cover price (before tax). Instead, I took a few notes on apps I might like to follow up on. Later that day I visited the App Store on my iPad and actually did purchase one of the apps that I had noted. Not a good experience for Books-A-Million or the magazine publisher, but I suspect it’s typical of many shoppers. The next time I visit I’ll buy a coffee.

As I mentioned, Books-A-Million does have a website to sell books digitally. There are two apps in the Apple store that will bring you to it. One is the BAM Reader, the other is the Bluefire Reader. The BAM Reader is “powered by” Bluefire. I installed both of them and found that they appear identical. In addition to accessing BAM, the Bluefire app is designed to access public libraries that have installed appropriate servers. Both apps support a form of DRM copy protection developed by Adobe Systems. My local library does not (yet) offer this service. Libraries in other nearby Florida counties do, and it will not surprise me if my local library does offer it in the near future. The Bluefire app also features a built-in server. It is fairly simple to download PDFs and ePub books (not DRM’d) from your Mac, PC or Linux desktop computer. The wireless transfer operation is not described in the built in docs but instructions are available at the website www.bluefirereader.com. If you don’t mind being limited to a single pane display, the apps function quite well as ePub readers and include a few extra reading features. The 50MB PDF that I tried to import crashed Bluefire and necessitated a re-install. As a PDF reader, I cannot recommend it. There are numerous other PDF apps in the App store. In a future post I may review a few of these.

All of this may change this summer in light of Apple’s recent announcement of pricing policies for apps with subscription content and apps that link to other vending sites. Publishers will have to pay Apple 30% of their revenue, and all “in-app” sales must be routed through Apple. The decision for a publisher to stay or leave is not at all dissimilar to B&N’s decision to close brick and mortar stores. The app either will or will not be profitable. Other blogs cite Hulu+, Netflix and Kindle as possible app casualties and I suppose that the Bluefire apps can be casualties as well. On the other hand, the Bluefire apps are unique (at this time) in supporting DRM protection with access to public libraries. I suspect that the Bluefire app will remain but the BAM link may disappear.

If publishers do pull their apps from Apple. Apple may have “shot itself in the foot”. As pointed out in my last post many competitors will soon appear in the tablet market and your choice of a tablet will, in part, depend upon the available apps.

Actually there is much commonality between the formats and they often can be converted from one format to another. Let’s begin with two basic formats, pdf and html. Either of these can be used to construct a very readable ebook organized into chapters and etc. with links to allow navigation. They differ in that pdf is an image format and html is text. Nevertheless, converters are available that will convert either to the other. Most mobile devices will read one or the other, at worst an html file will open in a web browser.

The epub format is an attempt to provide a cross platform solution to reading ebooks on numerous devices. It is based on a version of html called xhtml. If you take a .epub file, unzip it then change the file extension of the output to .html (or .xhtml) you have a file readable with a browser. The reverse process is also true. You can now go on to convert an html to pdf. So if an ePub file is nothing more than a form of html why bother with it?  The answer is that with ePub, your document behaves like a real book. You can set bookmarks, have a table of contents and browse.For a short document pdf might be a better choice but your device must support it. Can you open a pdf in your Kindle?

Stanza has a desktop edition available for both Windows and Mac. This app will allow you to sync your ebooks that reside on your desktop computer to your mobile device with the Stanza app installed. This can be extremely useful if you satisfy the hardware/software requirements. Does that leave us Linux folk out in the cold? Not at all.

Calibre is a cross platform app available for Mac, Linux and Windows. Calibre will convert between a number of formats AND sync to your mobile device. In just a few minutes I installed calibre on my Ubuntu box.  I had a ebook in pdf format that I wanted to add to my Stanza bookshelf on my iPod Touch. It took calibre about 15 seconds to convert the 8MB file. The program offered two options to sync the file to the Touch. I could ether email it via gmail or run a built-in server. I opted for the server. Returning to the Touch I added the desktop computers URL to Stanza’s remote libraries. In a few seconds the ebook was in the Touch. Very impressive.

Generally, file converters will not work for files that have been encrypted to protect copyright infringement(DRM). In time, hackers usually crack the code reducing the encryption to a nuisance. On a Linux machine “convert lit” abbreviated to “clit” will convert a .lit file to .html. With the library “libtomath” installed the encryption is defeated. There is undoubtedly a Windows equivalent but you’ll have to Google or Bing for it yourself.